Direct and indirect pulp capping are dental procedures used to protect the tooth’s pulp from further damage or infection. In direct pulp capping, a medicated material is applied directly over an exposed pulp. Indirect pulp capping involves placing the material on a thin layer of dentin covering the pulp. Both techniques aim to preserve the tooth’s vitality, promote healing, and avoid the need for root canal therapy. These methods are crucial in restorative dentistry for long-term tooth health.